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Fang La
Fang La (died 1121) was Chinese Manichaean leader who led a rebellion against the Song dynasty. He is featured as one of the antagonists and nemeses of the 108 Liangshan heroes in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
==Life==
Fang La was from Shezhou (present-day She County, Anhui). However, some claimed that he was from Qingxi, Muzhou (present-day Chun'an County, Hangzhou). In 1120, he led an uprising against the Song Empire in Qixian Village, Shezhou. Others claimed that he started the rebellion in Wannian Village, Chun'an County. Fang La's forces conquered Hangzhou and subsequently took control over parts of present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, with a total of 52 counties and six administrative divisions.
In 1121, the Song imperial court sent a general, Wang Yuan, to lead an army to crush the rebellion. Wang Yuan's subordinate, Han Shizhong, disguised himself, infiltrated Qingxi and captured Fang La. Later, Xin Xingzong, the defending general of Zhongzhou, led his army to block Qingxi's exit route and took control of Qingxi. Fang La and 52 of his subordinates were captured and escorted to the Song capital, Kaifeng, by Tong Guan. Four months later, Fang La was executed in Kaifeng for treason.
By 1132–1133 or later, the rebellion was linked to Manichaeism. Though not having original connection, in the public and historical conscience it became confused with the Taizhou unrest of April–June 1121, where Manichaeism was widespread.〔Ter Haar, The White Lotus Teachings in Chinese Religious History, pp.49-52〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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